Argentina: Laws of Education

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In the history of Argentina, our governments have passed 3 laws of education: Ley Nacional de Educación Común (aka "Ley 1420/1884") - available here What was Argentina like in the 1880s? Click here to explore the answer to this question. Ley Federal de Educación (Ley 24195/1993) - available here What was Argentina like in the 1990s? Click here to explore the answer to this question.   Ley de Educación Nacional (Ley 26206/2006) - available here What was Argentina like in the 2000s? Click here to explore the answer to this question.     You can read some articles on these laws here.

 

 

 

A comparison of Argentinean Laws of Education

	LEY 1420/1884	LEY FEDERAL DE EDUCACIÓN (1993)	LEY DE EDUCACIÓN NACIONAL (2006)
AIMS OF EDUCATION	To favour moral, intelectual and physical development of every child between the ages of 6 to 14.	Of INITIAL education: To foster the means of expression and communication of the child.Stimulate child's habits of social integration and environmental conservation. Vinculate the family with the educational institution.Prevent and attend inequalities and disparities. Of the BASIC GENERAL education: To offer a basic program of education common to all students troughout the country.Favour personal development and critical judgment.Promote the acquisition of socially valuable knowledge and habits.Promote sport and physical education.Make students learn about national tradition and patrimony. For the POLIMODAL cycle: Prepare the student for his roles as a citizen.Provide theoretical knowledge over humanistic, social,scientifical and technical areas.Promote sports and encourage the preservation of psico-physical health.  For  TEACHER'S education: Prepare them to fulfill their role adequately at every educational stage and prepare them as researchers and educative administrators. Of PROFESSIONAL education: Prepare technicians and professionals according to national and regional requirements.To provide assesment to state and private bodies. Of SPECIAL education: Guarantee access to education for people with special needs.Provide an education aiming to integrate people with this needs into society. Of ADULTS: To facilitate access to academic qualifications for persons that would not have fulfilled the basic and compulsory education.	Education: National priority. Aim: fair society, national identity, respect human rights and favour the national-economical development of the Nation. (Art.3°-Title 1- chap. 1)     a) Equal quality of opportunities and possibilities. c) Provide ethic and democratic values. f) No discrimination. g) Respect to the children-teenager’s rights according to the 26.061 law. h) Everybody can study (rich-poor) ñ) Promote the values toward multiculturalism. (Art. 11° - chap. 2)  (Read also: Art. 8)
WHO IS TO BE EDUCATED?	MICAELA answers here	Childrens from three years old on until the age of five at the INITIAL level of which only the last year is compulsory.Six years old children at the  BASIC GENERAL education level that lasts nine years and then continuing ,once the basic level has been accomplished, at the POLIMODAL level that is at least three years long. People that have accomplished all this stages can access institutions of superior education of professional or degree formation. Adults that would not have done or fulfilled the basic and compulsory level. Persons deprived from their liberty that require access  to educational services. Children with special educational needs.	Education is compulsory from the age of 5 until the age of 17. The discipline of special education is destined for people with any disability. There is also a discipline to guarantee the education to people that is deprived of freedom. Hospitable education is for students that for health reasons cannot attend the classes for a period larger than 30days.
WHO EDUCATES THEM?	Teachers must have a degree given by "escuelas normales de la Nacion o de las provincias" to be able to teach. In case there are not enough teachers with the degree mentioned before, the "Consejo Nacional de Educacion" will authorize particulars for this position.	The Family (most important)_  the Government (that is the responsible for education to take place) - the provinces - the Catholic Church and other religions oficially recognised by the state - and Social Organizations. (Art. 3° & 4°)	The government has the duty to provide the people with education.  (Art 4° - title 1 – chap. 1) Those responsible for teaching are: The Government; the provinces and the Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires; the religious institutions; and firstly and most important, the family. (Art. 6°) Read also: Titulo IV Los/as Docentes y su formación  Capitulo 1- Derechos y obligaciones and Capitulo II – La formación docente.
HOW IS EDUCATION STRUCTURED?	MICAELA answers here	Structure:   Educacion Inicial - Educacion General Basica   Educacion Polimodal -   Educacion Superior, Profesional y Academica de grado   Educacion Especial   Educacion de Adultos Educacion Artistica	4 stages: Initial Educ. (Kindergarten): from 45 days to 5 years old. The last year being compulsory; Primary Educ.: 6-yr-olds upwards. Secondary Educ.: (High School) adolescents and the youngster who have already gone through Primary school; Tertiary level.
STUDENT ROLES	LUZ answers here	Students have the right to: receive education to develop their knowledge and abilities, to be given freedom, to have their religious/ moral and political views respected, to be evaluated in their capabilities and achievements , to receive vocational /academic and profesional/occupational orientation, to be an integral part of  student clubs, associations and centres , to develop their skills in a safe and secure environment and to be protected by social security. Art 43- Chapter 1	Students have the right to : have a complete education that is equal for everyone, to have their beliefs respected, to go to school till they have completed their obligatory education, to be protected against agression, to be evaluated in their capabilities and achievements, to receive economic-social-cultural  and pedagogic  support , to receive vocational/academic and professional orientation, to be an integral part of student clubs, associations and centres, to participate in the functioning of educational institutions, to participate in decision making  about the formulation of projects and to develop their learning in a secure and safe environment. Students have the obligation to: study and try hard, participate in the activities, to respect the values of others, the dignity -integrity and privacy of the members of the educational community, to participate and collaborate in the improvement of the educational society, to respect the project of the educational institution, to respect the norms of discipline of the establishment, to go to school regularly and punctually , to take care of the property and equipment of the educational establishment.
TEACHER ROLES	LUZ answers here	Ejercer su profesión sobre la base del respeto a la libertad de cátedra y a la libertad de enseñanza, en el marco de las normas pedagógicas y curriculares establecidas por la autoridad educativa; ingresar en el sistema mediante un régimen de concursos que garantice la idoneidad profesional y el respeto por las incumbencias profesionales; La participación gremial; La capacitación, actualización y nueva formulación en servicio, para adaptarse a los cambios curriculares requeridos Y respetar las normas institucionales de la comunidad educativa que integran, colaborar solidariamente en las actividades de la Comunidad Educativa, y orientar su actuación en función del respeto a la libertad y dignidad del alumno/a como persona.	El docente està obligado: A respetar y hacer respetar los principios constitucionales, las disposiciones de la presente ley, la normativa institucional y la que regula la tarea docente; a cumplir con los lineamientos de la política educativa de la Nación y de la respectiva jurisdicción y con los diseños curriculares de cada uno de los niveles y modalidades; a proteger y garantizar los derechos de los/as niños/as y adolescentes que se encuentren bajo su responsabilidad, en concordancia con lo dispuesto en la Ley Nº 26.061, y a respetar la libertad de conciencia, la dignidad, integridad e intimidad de todos los miembros de la comunidad educativa.
PARENTS' ROLES	Both parents must support children’s educational process. (Art.3°&1°) Those who didn't follow the rules 'd be punished. (Art.17°) They could be part of the “Consejo Escolar del Distrito.” (Art39°)	Derechos:  Ser reconocidos como agente natural y primario de la educacion Participar en las actividades de los establecimientos educativos Elegir para sus hijos/as la institucion educativa cuyo ideario responda a sus convicciones filosoficas, eticas y religiosas Ser informados en forma periodica acerca de la evolucion y evaluacion del proceso educativo de sus hijos/as. Obligaciones: Hacer cumplir a sus hijos/as con la Educacion General Basica y Obligatoria o con la Educacion Especial Seguir y apoyar la evolucion del proceso educativo de sus hijos/as Respetar y hacer respetar a sus hijos/as las normas de convivencia de la unidad educativa	First educators (have the right to choose school in accordance with their views). As members of the educational community, they must follow and support kids' educational process, and make them respect educational values. (Tít. X Cap VII)

Contributors to this page: Martín Antista (2008); Vanesa Aja Rivero (2008); Gladys Baya (2008); Romina Cornaggia (2008); Francisca Lucas (2008); Melina Prieto (2008); Paula Roma (2008); Gabito Giorgetti (2008)